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1.
Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci. (Online) ; 59: e188941, fev. 2022. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1380208

ABSTRACT

Canine Distemper is a disease caused by Canine morbillivirus (CM), a pantropic virus that can affect the central nervous system (CNS), causing demyelination. However, the pathogenesis of this lesion remains to be clarified. Brain samples of 14 naturally infected dogs by CM were analyzed to evaluate the presence of oxidative stress and demyelination. RT-PCR assay was performed to confirm a diagnosis of canine distemper in the brain, immunohistochemistry anti-CM was used to localize the viral proteins in the tissue, and anti-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) was a marker of a product of lipid peroxidation. The results showed the presence of viral proteins in the demyelinated area with the presence of 4-HNE. Our results suggest that the CM virus infection causes oxidative stress leading to lipid peroxidation, which causes tissue damage and demyelination. In conclusion, oxidative stress plays a significant role in canine distemper pathogenesis in the CNS.(AU)


A cinomose canina é uma doença causada pelo Morbilivírus canino (CM), um vírus pantrópico que pode afetar o sistema nervoso central (SNC), causando desmielinização. No entanto, a patogênese dessa lesão não está totalmente esclarecida. RT-PCR e imuno-histoquímica foram realizadas para confirmação do diagnóstico de cinomose em amostras de encéfalo de 14 cães naturalmente infectados. Após confirmação, foi realizada uma avaliação do estresse oxidativo por imuno-histoquímica com uso de anti-4-hidroxi-nonenal (4HNE) como marcador de produtos resultantes da peroxidação lipídica. Os resultados sugerem que a infecção pelo CM causa estresse oxidativo no tecido, levando a peroxidação lipídica, a qual causa danos ao tecido, culminando com desmielinização. Conclui-se que o estresse oxidativo tem papel importante na patogênese da cinomose canina no sistema nervoso central.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Biomarkers/metabolism , Central Nervous System Infections/veterinary , Distemper/diagnosis , Dogs/virology , Immunohistochemistry/instrumentation , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Demyelinating Diseases/veterinary , Morbillivirus/pathogenicity , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/instrumentation , Cerebrum/virology
2.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 49(3): 584-590, July-Sept. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-951807

ABSTRACT

Abstract A modified TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction targeting a 138 bp fragment within the lipl32 gene was developed to identify exclusively pathogenic Leptospira spp. in dog urine samples. Thirty-five samples from dogs with suspected clinical leptospirosis and 116 samples from apparently healthy dogs were tested for presence of leptospiral DNA using the TaqMan-based assay. The results were compared with those from a well-established conventional PCR targeting the 16S RNA encoding gene associated with nucleotide sequencing analysis. The overall agreement between the assays was 94.8% (confidence interval [CI] 95% 88-100%). The newly developed assay presented 91.6% (CI 95% 71.5-98.5%) relative sensitivity (22[+] lipl32 PCR/24[+] 16S RNA and sequencing), 100% (CI 95% 96.3-100%) relative specificity and 98.7% accuracy (CI 95% 94.8-100%). The lipl32 assay was able to detect and quantify at least 10 genome equivalents/reaction. DNA extracted from 17 pathogenic Leptospira spp., 8 intermediate/saprophytic strains and 21 different pathogenic microorganisms were also tested using the lipl32 assay, resulting in amplification exclusively for pathogenic leptospiral strains. The results also demonstrated high intra and inter-assay reproducibility (coefficient of variation 1.50 and 1.12, respectively), thereby qualifying the newly developed assay as a highly sensitive, specific and reliable diagnostic tool for leptospiral infection in dogs using urine specimens.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/genetics , Urine/microbiology , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Leptospira/isolation & purification , Leptospirosis/veterinary , Lipoproteins/genetics , Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/urine , Sensitivity and Specificity , Dog Diseases/urine , Leptospira/genetics , Leptospirosis/diagnosis , Leptospirosis/microbiology , Leptospirosis/urine , Lipoproteins/urine
3.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 48(3): e20170480, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1045076

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Felis catus gammaherpesvirus 1 (FcaGHV1) may causes an asymptomatic infection that result in an efficient transmission and subsequently dissemination of the virus in feline population. This study used molecular detection by qPCR (quantitative PCR) based on DNA polymerase gene fragment amplification to evaluate the occurrence of FcaGHV1 and its correlation with other feline viral pathogens, such as Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (CPPV-1), Felid alphaherpesvirus 1 (FeHV-1), and feline retroviruses such as feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV). Of the 182 blood samples evaluated 23.6% (43/182) were positives for FcaGHV1. Approximately 37.9% (33/87) of the samples that tested positive for retrovirus were also were positive for FcaGHV1 infection (P<0.0001). Among FIV-infected samples, 49% (24/49) were positive for FcaGHV1 (P<0.0001). FcaGHV1 infection was not associated with FeLV (P>0.66) or CPPV-1 (P>0.46) coinfection. All samples were negative for FeHV-1. Male felines were significantly associated to FcaGHV1 (P<0.0001) and their risk of infection with FcaGHV1 was about of 7.74 times greater compared to females. Kittens (≤ 1year) were the least affected by FcaGHV1 infection, being verified a rate of 7.7% (4/52). Therefore, male cats over one year old and infected with FIV were considerably more likely to be infected with FcaGHV1. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the occurrence and molecular detection of FcaGHV1 infection in domestic cats in Brazil and in South America.


RESUMO: Felis catus gammaherpesvirus 1 (FcaGHV1) pode causar uma infecção assintomática, que resulta em uma transmissão eficiente e consequente disseminação do virus na população felina. Este estudo utilizou a detecção molecular por qPCR (PCR quantitativa) baseado na amplificação de um fragmento do gene da DNA polimerase para avaliar a ocorrência de FcaGHV1, sendo correlacionado a outros patógenos virais felinos como Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (CPPV-1), Felid alphaherpesvirus 1 (FeHV-1) e aos retrovírus felinos como vírus da imunodeficiência felina (FIV) e vírus da leucemia felina (FeLV). Das 182 amostras de sangue avaliadas, 23,6% (43/182) foram positivas para FcaGHV1. Aproximadamente 37,9% (33/87) das amostras positivas para retrovirus também foram positivas para FcaGHV1 (P<0,0001). Entre as amostras FIV-infectadas, 49% (24/49) foram positivas para FcaGHV1 (P<0,0001). A infecção por FcaGHV1 não foi associada à coinfecção por FeLV (P>0,66) e CPPV-1 (P>0,46). Todas as amostras foram negativas para FeHV-1. Felinos machos foram significativativamente associados à infecção por FcaHV1 (P <0,0001) e o risco de infecção com FcaGHV1 foi aproximadamente 7,74 vezes maior comparados às femeas. Os filhotes (≤1 ano) foram os menos acometidos pela infecção por FcaGHV1 sendo verificado uma proporção de 7.7% (4/52). Assim, gatos machos com mais de um ano de idade e infectados por FIV foram, consideravelmente, mais susceptíveis a serem infectados com FcaGHV1. Para nosso conhecimento, este é o primeiro estudo que relata a ocorrência de infecção e detecção molecular de FcaGHV1 em gatos domésticos no Brasil e na América do Sul.

4.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 48(3): 566-569, July-Sept. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-889146

ABSTRACT

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro and in vivo effects of short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against rabies virus phosphoprotein (P) mRNA in a post-infection treatment for rabies as an extension of a previous report (Braz J Microbiol. 2013 Nov 15;44(3):879-82). To this end, rabies virus strain RABV-4005 (related to the Desmodus rotundus vampire bat) were used to inoculate BHK-21 cells and mice, and the transfection with each of the siRNAs was made with Lipofectamine-2000™. In vitro results showed that siRNA 360 was able to inhibit the replication of strain RABV-4005 with a 1 log decrease in virus titter and 5.16-fold reduction in P mRNA, 24 h post-inoculation when compared to non-treated cells. In vivo, siRNA 360 was able to induce partial protection, but with no significant difference when compared to non-treated mice. These results indicate that, despite the need for improvement for in vivo applications, P mRNA might be a target for an RNAi-based treatment for rabies.


Subject(s)
Animals , Phosphoproteins/genetics , Rabies/veterinary , Rabies virus/genetics , Viral Proteins/genetics , Chiroptera/virology , RNA, Small Interfering/genetics , RNA Interference , Phosphoproteins/metabolism , Rabies/virology , Rabies virus/physiology , Viral Proteins/metabolism , Virus Replication , RNA, Messenger/genetics , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
5.
Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci. (Online) ; 54(1): 48-53, 2017. tab.
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-846509

ABSTRACT

Canine coronavirus (CCoV) exists in types I and II and infects dogs leading mainly to enteritis, though type II has already been associated with generalized and highly lethal infection. A CCoV-type II inactivated vaccine produced in A72 canine cells is available worldwide and largely used, though the molecular stability after serial passages of vaccine seeds is unknown. This article reports the evolution of the CCoV-II vaccine strain 1-71 in A72 cells based on partial S gene sequencing, showing the predominance of neutral evolution and the occurrence of four sites under purifying selection. Thus, cell-adapted strains of CCoV-II may be genetically stable after serial passages in a same cell line due to a stable virus-host relationship.(AU)


O Coronavírus canino (CCoV) ocorre como tipos I e II e infecta cães, levando principalmente a enterite, apesar do tipo II já ter sido associado à infecção generalizada e altamente letal. Uma vacina de CCoV-II inativada produzida em células caninas A72 é disponível mundialmente e largamente utilizada, apesar da sua estabilidade molecular após passagens seriadas de sementes vacinais ser desconhecida. Este artigo relata a evolução da amostra vacinal CCoC-II 1-71 em células A-72 com base em sequenciamento parcial do gene S, demonstrando predomínio de evolução neutra e a ocorrência de quaro sítios sob seleção purificante. Portanto, amostras de CCoV-II adaptadas a cultivos celulares podem ser estáveis geneticamente após passagens seriadas em uma mesma linhagem celular devido à existência de uma relação estável vírus-hospedeiro.(AU)


Subject(s)
Coronavirus, Canine , Vaccines, Inactivated/analysis , Serial Passage , Vaccines/history
6.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 25(2): 187-195, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-785166

ABSTRACT

Abstract Giardia duodenalis is divided into eight assemblages (named A to H). Isolates of assemblage A are divided into four sub-assemblages (AI, AII, AIII and AIV). While isolates of sub-assemblage AII are almost exclusively detected in human hosts, isolates of assemblage B are encountered in a multitude of animal hosts and humans. Here, we isolated single cysts of G. duodenalis from a human stool sample and found that one of them had overlaps of assemblage AII and B alleles and an unexpectedly high number of variants of the beta-giardin (Bg) and GLORF-C4 (OrfC4) alleles. In addition, one of the Bg alleles of that cyst had a fragment of sub-assemblage AII interspersed with fragments of assemblage B, thus indicating that this allele may be a recombinant between sequences A and B. Our results are unprecedented and put a check on the statement that different assemblages of G. duodenalis represent species with different host specificities.


Resumo A espécie Giardia duodenalis é dividida em oito grupos (nomeados de A a H). Isolados do grupo A são divididos em quatro subgrupos (AI, AII, AIII and AIV). Enquanto isolados do subgrupo AII são detectados quase exclusivamente em hospedeiros humanos, isolados do subgrupo B são encontrados em uma grande variedade de hospedeiros entre animais e humanos. Neste trabalho, foi constatado que, dentre diversos cistos individualizados de G. duodenalis provenientes de fezes de origem humana, um cisto continha os alelos AII e B e um número inesperado de variantes de alelos codificadores de beta giardina e GLORF-C4. Ainda, um dos alelos beta giardina desse cisto possuía fragmentos AII intercalando um fragmento B, indicando que esse alelo pode ser um recombinante entre alelos AII e B. Os resultados aqui apresentados são inéditos e colocam em dúvida o conceito atual de que os diferentes grupos de G. duodenalis representam espécies distintas com diferentes graus de especificidade por hospedeiros.


Subject(s)
Animals , Protozoan Proteins/genetics , Giardia lamblia/genetics , Cysts/genetics , Cytoskeletal Proteins/genetics , Alleles , Genetic Carrier Screening/veterinary , Giardia lamblia/classification , Genotype
7.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 57(6): 537-539, Nov.-Dec. 2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-770111

ABSTRACT

Anisakiasis and Pseudoterranovosis are human diseases caused by the ingestion of live Anisakidae larvae in raw, undercooked or lightly marinated fish. Larvae were collected from one salted cod sold for human consumption in a Sao Paulo market in 2013. One section of one brownish larva was used for molecular analyses. The partial COX2 gene sequence from the larva had a nucleotide identity of 99.8 % with Pseudoterranova azarasi, which belongs to the Pseudoterranova decipiens species complex. The risk of allergy when consuming dead larvae in salted fish is not well known and should be considered.


Os termos Anisakiasis e Pseudoterranovosis são utilizados para doença em humanos causada pela ingestão de larvas vivas de parasitas da Família Anisakidae em peixes crus, mal cozidos ou levemente marinados. As larvas foram coletadas de bacalhau salgado vendido para consumo humano num mercado de São Paulo em 2013. Uma parte da larva de cor castanha foi utilizada em análises moleculares. A sequencia parcial do gene COX2 obtida da larva mostrou 99,8% de identidade de nucleotídeos com Pseudoterranova azarasi, que faz parte do complexo de espécies Pseudoterranova decipiens. O risco de reação alérgica envolvido no consumo de larvas mortas em peixe salgado não é bem conhecido e deve ser considerado.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Ascaridoidea/isolation & purification , Gadiformes/parasitology , Hypersensitivity/prevention & control , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods , Ascaridoidea/genetics , Brazil , /genetics , Food Safety/methods , Larva/genetics , Phylogeny , Raw Foods/parasitology
8.
Ciênc. rural ; 38(8): 2245-2249, Nov. 2008. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-512006

ABSTRACT

The occurrence of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) in Brazil has been previously described. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of FIV infection in 454 blood samples from healthy and sick domestic cats from 13 cities of São Paulo State, Brazil as well as to evaluate the risk factors associated with the infection. The results showed that 14.7 percent (67/454) of the cats were infected with FIV. The clinical evaluation showed that 29.2 percent of the FIV-positive animals were sick, while 7.3 percent did not show any type of clinical manifestation. In addition, the vast majority (23.1 percent) of positive cases corresponded to free-roaming owned cats. The incidence of FIV infection was higher in males (20.3 percent) than in females (9.7 percent). The results suggest that certain characteristics such as gender, health status and lifestyle may be associated with the risk of being infected with FIV in the population of cats studied.


No Brasil, a ocorrência da infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência felina (FIV) já foi descrita. Neste estudo, objetivou-se investigar a freqüência da infecção pelo FIV em 454 amostras de sangue de gatos domésticos doentes e sadios, oriundos de 13 cidades do Estado de São Paulo, assim como avaliar os fatores de risco associados à infecção pelo FIV. Os resultados demonstraram que 14,7 por cento (67/454) dos gatos estavam infectados pelo FIV. A avaliação clínica dos animais investigados mostrou que 29,2 por cento dos animais soropositivos para FIV estavam doentes, enquanto 7,3 por cento não apresentavam nenhuma manifestação clínica. Além disso, a vasta maioria dos animais positivos (23,1 por cento) vivia em residências e tinha livre acesso à rua. A incidência da infecção pelo FIV foi maior nos gatos machos (20,3 por cento) do que nas fêmeas (9,7 por cento). Os resultados sugerem que certas características como sexo, estilo de vida e estado de saúde podem estar associadas ao risco de contrair a infecção pelo FIV na população de gatos estudada.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline , Lentivirus Infections/epidemiology , Lentivirus Infections/veterinary
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